On this day in Chemistry

1822-ci ilin bu günü fransız kimyaçı və bioloq Lui Paster anadan olmuşdur. O, fermentasiyada bakteriyaların rolunu kəşf etmiş, xəstəliyin mikrob nəzəriyyəsini sübut etmiş və pasterizasiya prosesini icad etmişdir. Paster, müasir ...
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İlk fullerenin kəşfi 1985-ci ilin bu günü Nature jurnalında dərc edilmişdir. Karbon (C) elementinin bu yeni forması N.V. Kroto, R.F. Kerl, R.E. Smolli tərəfindən kəşf edilmişdir. Onlar helium atmosferində lazerin təsiri ilə qrafitin ...
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Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları 1952-ci ilin bu günü ilk hidrogen bombasını sınaqdan keçirmişdir. "Ivy Mike" adlı partlayış təxminən on milyon ton trinitrotoluol (TNT) ilə eyni miqdarda enerji sərbəst buraxdı. O, 4 km ...
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1846-cı ilin bu günü efir ilk dəfə anestetik olaraq istifadə edilmişdir. Efirin inhalyasiya edilməsinin huşsuzluğa səbəb olduğunu öyrəndikdən sonra, amerikalı diş həkimi William T. G. Morton, bostonlu bir tacirin dişini ...
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"Dəmir ağciyər" süni tənəffüs cihazı ilk dəfə 1928-ci ilin bu günü klinik istifadəyə verilmişdir. Dəmir ağciyər, bir insanın başından başqa bütün bədənini əhatə edən silindrik bir qabdır. Bir insanın nəfəs ...
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1987-ci ilin bu günü dünya liderləri tərəfindən "Ozon qatını dağıdan maddələr üzrə Monreal Protokolu" imzalanmışdır. Müqavilə, stratosferdə Ozon (O3) qatını dağıdan xlorflüorkarbon (CFC) kimi birləşmələrin istehsalının və istehlakının mərhələli şəkildə dayandırılmasını qəbul ...
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Adına “Suzuki reaksiyası” olan yapon kimyaçı Akira Suzuki’nin 91 yaşı tamam olur. Suzuki çarpaz birləşmə reaksiyaları kimyaçılar üçün karbon atomlarını birləşdirmənin əsas yolu halına gəldi. Tədqiqatçılar bu üsuldan işıq yayan ...
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I Dünya Müharibəsi zamanı gənc qız İren Jolio-Küri anası Mariya Küri ilə birlikdə çalışaraq yaralı əsgərləri səyyar rentgen cihazı ilə təmin edirdi. Şəkil 1915-ci ildə Belçikada “Hoogstade Hospital”-da çəkilmişdir. Müharibədən ...
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1906-cı ilin bu günü məşhur fizik Lüdviq Boltsman vəfat etmişdir. O, daha çox qazların kinetik nəzəriyyəsinə və termodinamikanın statistik əsaslandırılmasına dair işlərinə görə tanınır. Boltsman statistik metoddan istifadə edərək termo­dinamikanın ikinci ...
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İlk kimyaterapiya dərmanı 31 Avqust 1909-cu il tarixində alman alim Paul Erlix tərəfindən kəşf olunmuşdur. O, “sehirli güllə” adlandırdığı məfhumu izah etmək üçün kimyaterapiya terminini icad etdi. Kimyaterapiya - kimyəvi ...
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Nüvə fizikasının atası hesab olunan Ernest Rezerford 1871-ci ilin bu günü dünyaya göz açmışdır. O, alfa və beta şüalanmanı kəşf etmiş, nüvə anlayışını irəli sürmüş və nüvə fizikasının əsasını qoymuşdur ...
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Maye sabun üçün ilk patent 1865-ci il 22 Avqust tarixində amerikalı William Shepphard'a verilmişdir. O, az miqdar bərk sabunu suda həll edib çox miqdar ammonyak məhlulu ilə qarışdırdığı zaman şəkər ...
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21 Avqust 1986-cı ildə Kamerunun şimal-qərbindəki Nyos Gölünün dib sularından ölümcül bir karbon qazı (CO2) buludu çıxması nəticəsində 1746 insan və 3000-dən çox heyvan həlak oldu. Püskürmə təxminən 100.000-300.000 ton ...
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"Aldrich" Kimya Şirkəti 1951-ci il 17 Avqust tarixində qurulmuşdur. 1975-ci ildə "Aldrich" Kimya Şirkəti "Sigma" Kimya Şirkəti ilə birləşdirilərək "Sigma-Aldrich Corporation" yaradıldı. İlk il satışlardan 43 milyon dollar qazandılar. 1999-cu ildə ...
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13 İyul 1826-cı il tarixində məşhur italyan kimyaçısı Stanislo Kannizzaro dünyaya göz açmışdır. O, "Kannizzaro reaksiyası" və 1860-cı ildə Karlsruhe Konqresinin atom çəkisi müzakirələrindəki təsirli roluna görə məşhurdur. Kannizzaro, Avoqadro ...
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Məşhur italyan kimyaçısı Amedeo Avoqadro 1856-cı ilin bu günü dünyasını dəyişmişdir. Avoqadro, hamımıza məlum olan "Avoqadro qanunu"nun banisidir. Qanuna əsasən eyni temperatur və təzyiqdə bərabər qaz həcmləri eyni sayda molekul ...
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1988-ci ilin 6 iyul tarixində Şimal dənizində yerləşən “Piper Alpha” neft platformasında baş verən dəhşətli yanğın nəticəsində platforma məhv olmuşdur. Yanğın qaz sızması nəticəsində başlamış və hadisə nəticəsində 167 nəfər ...
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1825-ci ilin bu günü məşhur alman kimyaçısı Riçard Erlenmeyer dünyaya göz açmışdır. O, Tirozin amin turşusunu sintez etmişdir, amma, daha çox dünya miqyasında kimya və mikrobiologiyada geniş şəkildə istifadə olunan ...
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İsveç Kral Akademiyası bugün 2018-ci il üçün kimya üzrə Nobel mükafatının "Fermentlərin istiqamətləndirilmiş təkamülü" isinə görə Franses H. Arnolda (ABŞ) və onun iki həmkarına - Corc P. Smit (ABŞ) və Qreq ...
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OnThisDay in 1903, Marie Skłodowska Curie defends her doctoral thesis on radioactive substances at Université de la Sorbonne in Paris – becoming the first woman in France to receive a doctoral ...
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Morris William Travers died on this day in 1951. English chemist who, while working with Sir William Ramsay in London, discovered the element krypton (30 May 1898). The name derives from the ...
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Robert F. Curl Jr. was born on this day in 1933. American chemist who (with Richard E. Smalley and Sir Harold W. Kroto) discovered the first fullerene, a spherical cluster of carbon atoms, ...
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On this day in 1950, the pile achieved criticality in the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor (BGRR), the world's first nuclear reactor dedicated to the peaceful applications of atomic energy. It ...
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Charles (-Frédéric) Gerhardt was born on this day in 1826. French chemist who, with Auguste Laurent, developed a classification of organic compounds. Like most chemists he was aware that the ...
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  Adolf von Baeyer died on this day in 1917. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer was a German chemist who synthesized indigo (1880) and formulated its structure (1883). He was awarded the ...
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On this day  in 1887, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) used a balloon to ascend above the cloud cover to an altitude of 11,500 feet (3.5 km) to observe an eclipse in Russia ...
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On this day in 1868, Pierre Janssen discovered a previously unknown bright yellow line in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the sun during a solar eclipse he was observing from India ...
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Aleksandr Butlerov died on this day in 1886. Russian chemist whose theory of organic chemistry structure was an important step towards the modern understanding of organic chemistry. In 1861, he read a ...
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On this day in 2003, chemists met in Ottawa to vote and make official a proposed name for the element 110: Darmstadtium, symbol Ds. This was first identified in a ...
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Johan Gadolin died on this day in 1852. Finnish chemist who discovered the element yttrium (1794). This was the first of a family of 15 rare earth elements called the lanthanides. He ...
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  Paul Sabatier died on this day in 1941. Organic chemist who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1912 with Victor Grignard. Sabatier researched in catalytic organic synthesis, and discovered the use of finely divided ...
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John Ulric Nef died on this day in 1915. Swiss-American chemist whose studies demonstrated that carbon can have a valence (i.e., affinity for electrons) of two (such as quinone) as well as a ...
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Cato Maximilian Guldberg was born on this day in 1836. Norwegian chemist who, with his brother-in-law Peter Waage, formulated the law of mass action (1864), which details the effects of concentration, mass, and temperature ...
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On this day in 1897, Dr. Felix Hoffmann successfully created a chemically pure and stable form of acetylsalicylic acid. His handwritten laboratory notes—aspirin's “birth certificate”—suggested: “Through its physical characteristics such as a sour taste ...
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Count of Quaregna Amedeo Avogadro was born on this day in 1776. Italian chemist and physicist who found that at the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of all perfect ...
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  Germain Henri Hess was born on this day in 1802. Swiss-Russian chemist whose studies of heat in chemical reactions formed the foundation of thermochemistry. He formulated an empirical law, Hess's ...
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Famous chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius was died on this day in 1848. Swedish chemist who established the beginnings of modern chemistry. Among his contributions are his determination of atomic weights, ...
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On this day in 1945, the first atomic bomb used in World War II was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The weapon, code-named “Little Boy,” was dropped from a United States ...
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  Nicolas-Jacques Conté was born on this day in 1755. French inventor who devised a method of manufacturing pencil leads by mixing a finely powdered graphite with finely ground clay ...
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 Tadeus Reichstein died on this day in 1996. Swiss chemist who, with Philip S. Hench and Edward C. Kendall, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his discoveries concerning hormones of the adrenal ...
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  Friedrich Wöhler was born on this day in 1800. German chemist who co-discovered vanadium. Having studied first medicine, then mineralogy, it was chemistry that became his primary interest. He found a ...
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  Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal died on this day in 1832. French chemist who authored the first book on industrial chemistry. He also coined the name “nitrogen.” His technical activity covered a ...
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   In 1870, America's first asphalt pavement was laid in Newark, N.J. Previously, coal tar was used for many pavements laid in the 1860s. The first recorded asphalt pavement in the U.S ...
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Bertram Borden Boltwood was born on this day in 1870. He was  an American chemist and physicist whose studied the radioactivity of uranium and thorium, and their resulting products, which laid a ...
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Paul Walden was born on this day in 1863. Latvian chemist who, while teaching at Riga, discovered the Walden inversion, a reversal of stereochemical configuration that occurs in many reactions of ...
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Russian chemist Sergey Vasilyevich Lebedev was born on this day in 1874. He developed a method for industrial production of synthetic rubber. In 1910, while researching processes by which small molecules combine ...
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Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney was born on this day in 1843. English astronomer and chemist who investigated colour photography and colour vision. He pioneered a method to measure the ...
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Yugoslavian-Swiss chemist who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John W. Cornforth for his work on the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Stereochemistry is the study of the three-dimensional arrangements of atoms within ...
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He coined the term ‘antibiotic’ and discovered streptomycin, the first drug that was effective against tuberculosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1952 for this ...
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He developed electron transfer theory, which describes the thermodynamics and kinetics of how electrons  are transferred between chemicals during a reaction. The theory helps to explain reactions such as oxidation, ...
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The American Chemist founded the Chemical Society of Philadelphia and authored numerous works on chemistry, including the first book of directed chemical experiments.. He also studied potassium,nitrous oxide identification of basalt, starch and bread making ...
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He was one of the pioneers of the study of plant alkaloid chemistry. Alkaloids are organic compounds that induce various effects in medicine, including painkillers and respiratory stimulants. Pelletier and ...
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The Englishman Robert Hooke  was an architect, natural philosopher and brilliant scientist, best known for his law of elasticity (Hooke's law), his book Micrographia, published in 1665 and for first ...
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One of the most important of his investigations had to do with the manufacture of guncotton, and he developed a process, consisting essentially of reducing the nitrated cotton to fine ...
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The test took place at Alamogordo, New Mexico. The explosion produced the power equivalent to approximately 20,000 tons of tri-nitro-toulene (TNT), and left a crater of radioactive glass in the ...
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He co-discovered 12 elements while working at the University of California, Berkeley: americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), mendelevium (Md), nobelium (No), lawrencium (Lr), ...
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He synthesised the first artificial dyestuff, called mauve or aniline purple, while trying to synthesize quinine from a coal tar chemical for the treatment of malaria. Perkin commercialised his discovery, developing ...
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Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro, known for his theories on atomic weight. He was the first chemist to see the full significance of Avogadro's law. In the 1850s, Cannizzaro suggested comparing everything ...
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The British chemists used a powerful machine that cooled and liquefied air to obtain krypton (Kr). They then repeatedly distilled the krypton until an even denser substance separated out, which ...
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He introduced the concept of electron spin along with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925. This phenomenon explains many aspects of atomic behaviour that cannot be explained by classical physics. During World ...
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He was the first to liquefy helium, using several precooling stages and the Hampson- Linde cycle based on the Joule-Thompson effect. This way he lowered the temperature to the boiling ...
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Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro was an Italian scientist. His hypothesis – now known as Avogadro’s Law – states that equal volumes of gases at a given temperature and pressure ...
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Interstellar space refers to the areas between star systems within a galaxy. It varies hugely in composition, and contains atomic and subatomic particles, molecular and ionic particles as well as ...
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Dr. Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945) is considered the father of modern rocket propulsion.  It was fuelled by liquid oxygen (O2) and gasoline, and reached a height of 12.5 metres. A ...
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The Piper Alpha was once Britain's biggest single oil and gas producing platform, bringing more than 300,000 barrels of crude a day – 10% of the country's total – from ...
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He was awarded the 1943 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on radioisotopes and their use as tracers in studying the chemical processes within living systems. He developed the ...
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He is known for inventing the Beckmann thermometer. Enter Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853-1923) was born in Solingen, the German town famed for its knives. The son of a dye-maker, he grew ...
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Antoine-Jerome Balard announced the discovery of bromine (Br) on this day in 1826. The French chemist was an unknown young laboratory assistant when he discovered the element in seawater, which ...
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