The British chemists used a powerful machine that cooled and liquefied air to obtain krypton (Kr). They then repeatedly distilled the krypton until an even...

He introduced the concept of electron spin along with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925. This phenomenon explains many aspects of atomic behaviour that cannot be...

He was the first to liquefy helium, using several precooling stages and the Hampson- Linde cycle based on the Joule-Thompson effect. This way he lowered...

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro was an Italian scientist. His hypothesis – now known as Avogadro’s Law – states that equal volumes of gases at...

Interstellar space refers to the areas between star systems within a galaxy. It varies hugely in composition, and contains atomic and subatomic particles, molecular and...